Scarlet Fever

Although scarlet fever (scarlatina) usually follows streptococcal pharyngitis, this disorder also may follow other streptococcal infections, such as wound infections, urosepsis, and puerperal sepsis. It's most common in children ages 3 to 15. The incubation period commonly lasts from 2 to 4 days but may be only 1 day or extend to 7 days.

Causes

Scarlet fever is caused by Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes. This type of bacteria produces a toxin that causes a rash. Scarlet fever usually develops in conjunction with strep throat but may occur if a strep infection of the skin or a surgical wound is left untreated.

Symptoms and Signs

• Rash on neck and chest
• Peeling (desquamation) of the finger tips, toes, and groin
• Swollen, red tongue
• Pastia's lines
• Chills
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Vomiting
• Generalized discomfort (malaise)
• Abdominal pain
• Muscle aches

Diagnostic tests

A pharyngeal culture is positive for group A beta­hemolytic streptococci. A complete blood count reveals granulocytosis and, possibly, a reduced red blood cell count.

Treatment

Antibiotic therapy with penicillin or erythromycin is administered for 10 days, along with antipyretics.

Prevention

Bacteria are spread by direct contact with infected persons or by droplets exhaled by an infected person. Avoid contact with infected persons.

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